a. According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? 45 percent The belief that laws that make sex work illegal are created by people with power, influence, and the ability to institutionalize their conceptualizations of particular morals and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? Because he was a man entering the traditionally female field of elementary school teaching, Edward was promoted to school principal over his female counterparts who had more experience. a. Hispanic and black male-headed households a. c. music and the arts. 25 b. socially constructed. 1. a. Roman Catholic According to this framework, the split labor market would help to explain the ethnic antagonism that exists between white workers in the United States and undocumented workers from Latin America. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the White ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group. c. opportunity structures. Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the civil rights movement. The existence of a hostile work environment can be considered sexual harassment. c. advertisements Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the Civil Rights Movement. The "timeavailability approach" explains the traditional division of labor in the home by the belief that How does each contribute to who you are, and how would possible change alter your self-defined identity? c. jobs are less physically demanding. b. HIV/AIDS. Interactionists believe that these meanings are derived through social interaction, and that these meanings are managed and transformed through an interpretive process that people use to make sense of, and handle, the objects that constitute their social worlds. The United States ranked, 1. Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. By the end of this section, you should be able to: We can examine race and ethnicity through three major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. 5. intersectionality d. Postmodernists, 1. 1. Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as children. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? 1999-2023, Rice University. Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, The meanings attached to symbols are socially created and fluid, instead of natural and static. b. intelligent. Intersectionality, already explained earlier in this section, suggests that individuals are simultaneously members of many different, potentially competing or overlapping, identities including but not limited to race, gender, social class, national origin, religion, politics, and sexuality. the way in which the meanings assigned to sex and gender as social categories create disparities in resources such as income, power, and status. c. employers channeling men and women upon their career entry into gender-specific jobs. d. implicit, 1.______________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. The rebirth of feminism in the 1960s was due to all of the following EXCEPT Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. c. Taxable income Income tax rate. The study reported in your text of the household division of labor in 10 Western countries found a. hunting and gathering The greatest success of early feminists was Another way to apply the functionalist perspective to race and ethnicity is to discuss the way racism can contribute positively to the functioning of society by strengthening bonds between in-group members through the ostracism of out-group members. b. gender role ideology. The latent functions of social institutions and their policies are not deliberate or intended but still produce beneficial outcomes. Erving Goffman, one of the forefathers of this theoretical perspective, emphasized the importance of control in social interactions. 1. d. passage of the Civil Rights Amendment. 1. d. structural strain theory. 1. c. woman without children. According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": during half of our activities only when they apply to our biological sex only if we are actively following gender roles all of the time, in everything we do 9. The belief that labeling and defining sexual deviance clarifies societal norms and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? In the United States, women have had to fight for, 1. d. white female-headed households. Her job requires caring, negotiating, and empathizing, also known as Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. How many states have ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? The boy code One of the ways that medical office specialists can demonstrate ethical behavior is to _____. 5 c. die about two years earlier than women. b. c. childcare Practices and policies may lead to dysfunction. 1848 and you must attribute OpenStax. The terms masculine and feminine refer to a persons _________. b. gender role ideology a. the relative resources approach. Conflict theorists According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins. A corporations income tax payable is computed as Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. a. children. d. integrity, 1. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. 1. Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. Women earn approximately half of doctorate degrees in the U.S. Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are. 1920s The platform from the Beijing conference on women identified which of the following as a critical area of concern? d. more education for girls, 1. Income before tax Income tax rate. a. father with young children. b. lack of female STEM role models. Radical feminism is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we do gender: Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? However, the policy led to a disproportionate stopping and detention of Black and Latinx men and ultimately deemed as unconstitutional by the courts. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. 1. 2. b. a. Britain. differences in women's and men's levels of education, skills, training, and work experience. c. cardiovascular diseases. d. nearly twothirds, 1. b. science, technology, engineering, and math. Sexualities have specific social, cultural, and historical meanings and interpretations. The social construction of race is reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. 1. d. the second shift. 1. b. Though actively involved in the social construction of race, society ignores or is not taught that racial categories are subjective, not fixed, and not based on facts, as explained in Chapter 1.2. This is consistent with. Currently, choice of college major can account for about ____ percent of the gender wage gap. This occurs when citizens from economically developed countries travel to less economically developed countries to purchase the sexual services of local people. An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. d. the overrepresentation of women in unskilled and semiskilled positions. d. All of these. This resulting racial hierarchy has benefited (white) elites (materially) and the working class (psychically), according to Delgado and Stefancic (2001). We can examine issues of race and ethnicity through five different sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, intersection theory, and critical race theory. b. gender role ideology a. objectification of women but not men. . 1. d. 90 percent. c. Gender dysphoria c. caring. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. Consider the subset of identity elements represented here. We recommend using a In the United States, women are less likely than men to major in weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. The meaning attached to racial an ethnic labels and images. c. the women's corner and you must attribute OpenStax. Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015). As a more radical critique of the status quo, critical race theory centralizes the focus on race to understand our history, our contemporary society, and our social structures - as well as solutions to inequality. When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as a. 1. d. lack of money. 1790 c. the timeavailability approach. a. Cultural The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. c. devaluation d. the Rambo effect. d. tender tasks. b. human capital 1. d. the publication of Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. 1. According to Cooleys concept of the looking-glass self, an individuals understanding of their gender role is based on how society perceives them. 1. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. Rather than colorblind solutions, critical race theorists advocate for race-conscious solutions to race-based social ills. a. In the context of gender, if society perceives a man as masculine, that man will consider himself as masculine. Which of the following religious denominations has the most nontraditional beliefs about women's roles? c. Women's socialization better qualifies them to understand, teach, nurse, and physically care for children. women? 1. Who is most likely to live in poverty? Institutional sexism It is easy to see how someone living in the Northeastern United States, who may know no Mexican Americans personally, might gain a stereotyped impression from such sources as Speedy Gonzalez or Taco Bells talking Chihuahua. 1. Do we need more than one theory to explain racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination? This type of approach would appeal to the sensitive and relational characteristics typically associated with femininity. d. nursing. Famed Interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group: Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. 1._____________ refers to the blending of traditionally defined masculine and feminine characteristics. b. number of elderly females compared to elderly males. 1. In her split labor market theory, conflict theorist Edna Bonacich (1972) proposed that ethnic antagonism often has economic underpinnings because the capitalist owners of the means of production would prefer to pay workers from a particular ethnic group lower wages than workers from a dominant ethnic group. b. strives to make men more accountable for violence. b. inheritance laws in agricultural societies increased the power of females in the family. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Social interaction includes all language, including body language and mannerisms. What percent of transgender adults report being harassed? c. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries. 1. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. Legal. The glass ceiling refers to the lack of women in higher education. with marriage or entrance into the workforce, 1. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, gender is produced and reinforced through daily interactions and the use of symbols. Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? b. quotas 1. 1. d. the elderly, 1. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity.
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