This would eliminate parallax error further. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. At first, try to choose variables that you think act independently of each other. Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. 2. Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: The terminal speed is the maximum speed reached when an object is dropped from a great height. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. Such variations in the bounce of a dropped ball rise questions that demand some research and investigation. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. WebControlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. More thermal energy is also produced. The third stage is the point at which the ball is momentarily deformed, and bounces off the ground in an upward direction until it reaches its maximum height. This is also reflected in the velocity graph; the velocity is at its maximum at the minimum displacement and goes through zero at its maximum heights. Keep track of where you got your information from. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. Why if you drop a ball from say 2 meters does it bounce higher than a ball dropped from 1 meter? Independent: - Type of surface the tennis ball is dropped on. This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. The average variation between results was 3cm. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. When you drop a ball from a greater height, it has more kinetic energy just before it hits the floor and stores more energy during the bounceit dents farther as it comes to a stop. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. To a wider range of results i.e. Bouncing Ball Example: Experiment, Formula, Force, Motion StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Report DMCA Overview For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. WebWhat is a control? This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. If you choose to study on any other variable, following are samples of hypothesis. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. Therefore the results are valid. GPE also changes as the ball falls. Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. The purpose of this project is to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. WebThe main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variables. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Bouncing Ball Drop a ball from 1 foot off of the floor, slightly in front of a yardstick. What type of ball bounces the highest At the point of maximum height, the ball momentarily has zero velocity, and the direction of velocity is changing from positive to negative. This is why it. 8. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. Variables are WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. What purpose does a control serve? The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a control. A control is an additional experimental trial or run. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Yes, as elastic potential energy causes the ball to bounce off the ground and is converted into kinetic energy once the ball is in the air, causing it to move. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. It goes back to its initial vertical position after a period of time. With no net force, the acceleration = 0 and the ball falls at a constant velocity. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's Ball_Bounce - West Virginia University Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. Everything you need for your studies in one place. This list is called an experimental procedure. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. It pushes downward on the floor and the floor pushes upward on it. Using the graph above, we can find the displacement by using the area under the graph, which is equal to the displacement. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? List three. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. Our dependent variable was. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. ball bounced 6 inches. The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. 7. \[S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha(1-r^{\infty})}{1-r} = \frac{\alpha(1-0)}{1-r} \qquad S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha}{1-r}\]. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. This produces a different amount of response in the system. We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. What is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum height? This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. The acceleration on the ball is the acceleration of gravity, which acts downwards on the ball. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Because the ball is softer than the floor, it does most of the denting and stores most of the energy. At the lowest point, the ball has its minimum potential energy, and the velocity changes from negative to positive. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). This coefficient of restitution, e, is actually the ratio of the velocity of recession (upwards after the bounce) to the velocity of approach (downward before the bounce). changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. Hypothesis. Discuss specifically how you developed your e and initial height values. Height will be the variable that we will vary. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. 2. Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. 1. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. I called School Time and my husband and son came with me for the tour. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. The push that the ball receives from the floor at the moment of the impact causes it to bounce upwards. This did not happen in my experiment however. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Your assistant will record the bounce. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Even a specific ball may bounce different heights at different times or different locations. Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. A geometric sequence is a progression where each term is related to the previous term, and it is related to the previous term by a number r, which is known as the common ratio of the sequence. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. 1. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. The bouncing ball example is an example used to study, A bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Ball The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second).
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