False combine some of the expressive functions of primary groups with the instrumental functions of secondary, when individuals are linked by dense, cross-cutting networks, they form a what? Chapter 13 Flashcards | Quizlet Webnorm of reciprocity a felt obligation and social expectation of helping or otherwise giving something of value to someone who has already helped or given something value to you Referent power The capacity to influence others on the basis of an identification with and respect for the power holder charisma xy+3zx+5y+2z2x+4y+5z=4=3=8. In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. exists when pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking. judged as more relevant to the interaction than an influence process generated when act of leading (influencing) are combined with acts of following (deferring) as individuals work together to attain mutual goals, exerted by persons appointed or elected to positions of formal authority in organizations, exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others, occurs when leaders at lower levels influence those at higher levels to create change, means that leadership is constructed and produced in social and relational interactions among people acting in context, involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers, refers to actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower, refers to actions people take to bestow an identity of a leader or follower onto another person, the extend to which individuals choose to assume leadership training, roles and responsibilities, our beliefs or understanding about the attributes associated with leaders and leadership, a process through which individuals choose how they will engage with leaders to co-produce leadership and its outcomes - the capacity or willingness to follow a leader, refers to the tendency to attribute organizational outcomes (both good and bad) to the acts and doings of leaders, followers that view their roles in the classic sense following passive, deferential, and obedient to authority, followers that view their role as expressing opinions, taking initiative, and constructively questioning and challenging leaders, defined as the beliefs followers hold about the way they should engage and interact with leaders to meet the needs of the work unit, the extend to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally, reflects the belief that followers should act in ways that are helpful, useful, and productive to leadership outcomes - partner with leaders to achieve goals, preconceived notions about prototypical followership behaviors and characteristics, conformity, insubordination, incompetence, leaders have differentiated relationships with followers - managers have high quality LMX relationships with some subordinates and low quality LMX with others, the suited of manager-subordinate relationship quality, describes how relationships initiate and develop through processes of exchange and reciprocity - helps explain the social dynamics behind relationship building, says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid, three components of the norm of reciprocity, the extend to which the amount given back is roughly the same as what was received, refers to the time span of reciprocity - how quickly the repayment is made, based on the belief in the intention and ability of the other to repay, refers to our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough "credits" to cover the violation, represents views of leadership not as a property of individuals and their behaviors but as a social phenomenon constructed in interaction, sees leadership as a group phenomenon that is distributed among individuals, occurs hen leadership is divided so that no one person has unilateral power to lead, a dynamic, interactive influence process among team members working to achieve goals. the influence of other people that results from taking their comments or actions as a source of information about what is correct, a norm dictating that people should provide benefits to those who benefit them, the many ways people affect one another, including changes in attitudes, beliefs, feelings and behavior resulting from the comments, actions or even the mere presence of others, changing one's behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure (real or imagined) from others, responding favorably to an explicit request by another person, in an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the person in authority, the phenomenon whereby merely thinking about a behavior makes performing it more likely, is based on the fact that the brain regions responsible for perception overlap with those responsible for action, prejudice directed at the racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs, a technique for revealing non conscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people, a theory that group conflict, prejudice and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources, an experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these "minimal groups" are inclined to behave toward one another. DITF interactions, then asked to judge the refers to the pattern of norms and values that structures how business is actually carried out in an organization. Which compliance gaining strategy is this? Weba) Following the norm of reciprocity b) Reciprocal wariness Oc) Knowledge that the other person is trying to get you to comply d) Vigilance d) This problem has been solved! the last effort (going around the table to give candy). D) states that the first item in a long list of items is the one most likely to be remembered. DV: Webreciprocity norm. also people sometimes comply with requests in order to reduce negative feelings and feel better about themselves, as she's taking the SATs Denise notices that she's one of the few woman there. Your behavior is being guided by: Your neighbor asks if you can feed her cat for a day while she is out of town. x-\ \ y+3 z &=4 \\ educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, causing the separate individuals to be forced to work together to find the solution. WebTrue or false: The norm of reciprocity says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid. reject-then-retreat technique Milgram's study with the electric shocks. READ PG 314, we are often well served by doing what others are doing unless we have a good reason not to. #1 & familiar for #2) proximity Those who cooperate toward the achievement of a common goal are more favorable and helpful to each other as a consequence. What procedures or conditions undermine the effectiveness of the DITF technique? True True or false: managers only need to have either position or personal power, but not both. Works to eliminate prejudice and discrimination by forcing people of different backgrounds to cooperate to achieve a common goal. the voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits. Perceptual contrast effect: The 2nd, smaller Expert power Referent power Correct! a compliance approach that involves making an initial small request with which nearly everyone complies, followed by a larger request involving real behavior of interest. if they paid physicians first and asked to fill out a check there was more compliance than if they were promised a check for after filling it out. perhaps it increases their mood descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the research. According to modern science, Earth is about 4.54.54.5 billion years old, and written human history extends back about 10,00010,00010,000 years. A) Reproduction is more costly to men than to women. Hannah is happy to share everything she has with her close friends. Phenomenon increases in collectivist cultures. You should also be able to answer the following questions about the research: The delay between both requests must be brief. Reciprocity and Liking Flashcards | Quizlet Example: we assume that quiet people are also shy. WebQuestion: Question 16 1 pts Which of the following observations best illustrates the conclusion that the norm of reciprocity can influence helping behavior? Status *understand*. Asch's study with the lines of different lengths. 2 florida 4. conflict, ____________ differ from crowds and categories in that __________ members take one another into account, and their interactions are shaped by shared expectations and interdependency, groups that individuals compare themselves to regularly. greater willingness to perform a favor for that Be sure to include descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the research. Attitudes are formed through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences on learning. provides a basis for predicting future behaviors, an approach is often identified by one of three related, but different factorsL, theoretical point of view petting an animal, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. (2002) investigate the friendliness, mood, and reciprocity explanations for the effects of giving candy on tips? How does reciprocity seem to apply to all behaviors? 5. Be sure to include descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the study. [1] It can be understood as the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms. Judy thinks it's going to rain today, so she behaves in ways that are consistent with that prediction (e.g., she wears her raincoat, she carries her umbrella). 1. its members determine possible individual differences in Explain for us why corn can grow so tall in this particular climate. asking for a large commitment, being refused, and asking for a smaller one. make policy making possible especially in less ideological
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